Партійні системи в контексті функціонування атипових напівпрезидентських систем правління в Республіці Казахстан (1995–2018) і Російській Федерації (1993–2018)

Abstract

Atypical semi-presidential systems of government in the Post-Soviet countries requires a detailed analysis in Political Science. In this context, the analysis of party systems in atypical semi-presidential systems of government in the Republic of Kazakhstan (in 1995–2018) and the Russian Federation (in 1993–2018) is extremely actual. The purpose of the article is to determine the types of party systems in atypical semi-presidential systems of government in the Republic of Kazakhstan (in 1995–2018) and the Russian Federation (in 1993–2018). New institutionalism and its various types and paradigms are chosen as theoretical and methodological basis of the proposed research. The main method of the study is the method of comparative analysis. As a result of the article, it is argued that parliamentary vote of no confidence in government does not automatically lead to government's resignation, since it depends on the position/will of a president in the Republic of Kazakhstan (in 1995–2018) and in the Russian Federation (in 1993–2018). It determines the atypicality of semi-presidential (constitutional) system of government in the analyzed countries. Based on the author's methodology, it was classified the types of party systems in atypical semi-presidential systems of government in the Republic of Kazakhstan (in 1995–2018) and in the Russian Federation in 1993–2018. Consequently, it is argued that party system in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 1995–2018 evolved from an extreme multiparty system with one major party and low level of non-partisanship to a moderate multiparty system with one super-dominant party and low level of non-partisanship. In return, party system in the Russian Federation in 1993–2018 changed from an extreme multiparty system with relative equilibrium (or dimensional balance) of parties and average level of non-partisanship to a moderate multiparty system with one super-dominant party and low level of non-partisanship.