Меморіальна політика сусідів України: від стратегії національного суверенітету до «Великих держав»

Abstract

The article is devoted to the relevant issues of modern conditions of state memorial policy in the countries that have common borderland with Ukraine. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the process of historical policy formation as a mechanism of justification of national sovereignty and its transformation into technology of geopolitical construction applied in practices of Ukraine's neighbours. Historical policy has been considered in tree forms: as practice of formation of image of solidary, loyal society; as an instrument of political power used by the state; as a mechanism of commemoration industry of global world order that result in formation of legislation on memory. The article considers reasons and forms of institutionalization of historical policy of the East Europe and in the Post-Soviet countries in XXI century. The attention is focused on statuses obtained by organizations that are responsible for formation of memorial policy: scientific-research centre with right on lustration and procurators' functions (Poland); State body (Slovak Republic); government structure (Romania); central body of executive power (Ukraine 2006) and scientific-research budgetary institution affiliated to the Government (Ukraine 2010); research centre (Czech Republic), independent scientific research organization (Hungary); Government commission (Baltic states, Romania, Moldova, Russia). Practice of control over history and memory demonstrates the process of formation of political industry as a technology of political action. Methodological basis of research. The feature of the subject of research stipulated the comprehensive, systematic approach to the analysis of “memorial policy” as to the phenomenon as well as to the political practice and political technology. In result the conclusions have been formed that historical policy in state may be represented as a technology of “soft power” or as a mean of homogenization of socio-cultural space or as a method of restructuration of the space. The distinctive element of the memorial policy of the neighbour states is practice of transborder way of defining the term “nation” that excludes the frames of etatism limitation. Such practice allows to use the historical narrative in order to involve ethnically-related population of diasporas and population of borderland territories to the composition of nation. Memorial practice and informational interventions in borderland regions that are realized by Ukraine and its neighbours are part of the national strategies that have been forming within the search processes of historical arguments for political decisions.