Порівняльний аналіз особливостей переживання страху в підлітків із повних та неповних сімей

Abstract

У статті проведено аналіз сучасних досліджень поняття страху, причин появи та їх класифікації. Розг-лянуто особливості розвитку емоційної сфери в підлітковому віці та вплив стосунків у сім’ї на появу страхів. Представлено результати емпіричного дослідження прояву страхів у підлітків із повних та неповних сімей, та проведено порівняльний аналіз. . The article presents a theoretical analysis of different approaches to fear study in Psychology, as well as its classification and reasons of its emergence. Fear is the basic human’s emotion, which signals the state of danger; it depends on many external and internal, inborn and acquired factors. The reasons of fear can be divided into the following groups: inborn fear determinants, ex-ternal and internal reasons of fear emergence; real, imaginary ones, etc. Besides, researchers also distinguish such types of fears as natural, social, situational, personal, real, imaginary, acute, and chronic. The age period of adolescence is characterized by so-cial fears, which are primarily caused by the family relations, and especially it concerns single-parent families. The following empirical methods were used to reveal the peculiarities of showing fear by adolescents from two-parent and single-parent fami-lies: observation, conversation, techniques “Nonexistent animal”, “Draw and write down your fears”, “List of fears”, “Scale of the level of reaction and personal anxiety” by C. Spielberg and Yu. Khanin, “Scale of anxiety” by O. Kondash. The sample in-volved 200 adolescents aged from 11 to 14 years (100 surveyed from single-parent families and 100 surveyed from two-parent families). It has been revealed that adolescents from single-parent families have more fears than the ones from two-parent fami-lies. Adolescents from both single- and two-parent families are characterized by fear experience and easiness of their emergence, but anxiety is more particular for children from single-parent families. The medium and high levels of school fears expression is predominant for adolescents from single-parent families, while the ones from two-parent families show the medium level of fear expression. The surveyed from single-parent families are characterized by high level of personal anxiety and low level of reaction anxiety, while the surveyed from two-parent families have medium level of reaction and personal anxiety.