Витоки національно-патріотичного виховання в педагогічній спадщині К. Д. Ушинського

Abstract

У статті вивчено феномен національно-патріотичного виховання у контексті педагогічної спадщини К. Д. Ушинського. Розглянуто зміст національно-патріотичного виховання. Сутність принципу народності. Вивчено поняття народність. Проаналізовано психологічний аспект формування характеру, переконань особистості національно-патріотичної формації. Уточнено категоріальний аппарат національно-патріотичного виховання у педагогічній творчості К. Д. Ушинського. The relevance of the research is caused by the need of reconsideration of a powerful source and strong basis of children’s education from a position of the valuable attitude towards the Ukrainian culture and its history. The aim of the article is to study the regularities of the process of forming the national and patriotic education of younger generation in accordance with the principle of nationality in K. D. Ushynsky’s pedagogical heritage. The analysis of primary sources has allowed to reveal that the phenomenon of national and patriotic education in K. D. Ushynsky’s pedagogical works is presented by a multicomponent process with a certain categorical apparatus, which includes such concepts as: national education, nationality, national character, features of nationality, national consciousness, national development, public education, patriotism. Studying the definition of the concept «national and patriotic education» in K. D. Ushinsky’s pedagogical heritage, justification of social, psychological and physiological regularities at the personal level is expedient. The idea of nationality of education, according to K. D. Ushynsky, reflects the essence of national and patriotic education, which is proved by the scientist as the system of national character formation - nationalism as the social phenomenon, which determines the presence of patriotism and its development as a mental phenomenon. The basis of realization of the idea of nationality is the principle of nationality, the essence of which is in regular power of national education, the origins of which are family and national traditions, native language, interrelationship of science, national thought and Christian values. Thus, the result of national education is the formation of national culture, the indicators of which are knowledge and preservation of family traditions, culture of speech, unity of social thought and conscious attitude to the people’s historical heritage. The principle of the nationality of education, according to K. D. Ushynsky, determines the national and patriotic orientations of the education system, which are based on established values such as nature, language, historical heritage, life. Thus, in the context of national and patriotic education, a well-formed habit, as a special form of national behavior, directs the person’s activity of patriotic content through the development of appropriate inclinations. Studying the pedagogical works of K. D. Ushynsky, has allowed to analyze the factors of national and patriotic education, which are identified by the pedagogue, namely: family education, the history of the people, Christianity, science, etc., where the family and the people are two interconnected institutions. The scientist attributed pedagogical literature, pedagogical society, monitoring of the quality of education to the factors of achievement of the nationality in national education. The concept of «patriotism» in K. D. Ushynsky’s heritage is treated as a special feature, a deeply rooted feeling in heart, which allows to assert the beliefs confidently. Thus, K. D. Ushynsky’s pedagogical heritage reveals the origins of the phenomenon of national and patriotic education as a social phenomenon of preservation of the historical heritage, national traditions, language, etc.