Спеціальна підготовка та стан біоенергетики футболістів із різними типологічними властивостями вищих відділів центральної нервової системи

Abstract

У статті представлено дані щодо особливостей біоенергетичного метаболізму, фізичної, технічної під- готовленості та експертної оцінки ігрової діяльності футболістів високого рівня кваліфікації в залежності від типологічних властивостей вищих відділів центральної нервової системи. Встановлено зв’язок індивідуально-типологічних властивостей вищих відділів центральної нервової системи з фізичною, технічною підготовленістю, біоенергетичним метаболізмом і експертною оцінкою ігрової діяльності. It is possible to improve the methods of control over footballers’ training process and play activity in case individually typological features of the higher parts of the nervous system are taken into account. Functional mobility, strength, balanced state of the nervous processes and indicators of sensorimotor reaction as genetically unchanged indicators may determine the effectiveness of football players training. The aim of the research is to find out, what individually typological features of the higher parts of the central nervous system are genetically fixed, and establish their connection with the indicators of special preparedness and bioenergy of football players. Neurodynamic indicators of 26 professional football players were determined with the use of computing device “Diagnost-1M”, and bioenergy state – using instant diagnosis of the functional state and reserve capacity of the body “D&K-Test”. Research results as well as expert analysis of footballers’ play activity have shown that the indicators of their bioenergetic metabolism, physical and technical preparedness are based on genetically determined properties – functional mobility of the nervous processes (FMNP). Football players with above average level of FMNP are characterized by the best performance of energy supply systems, physical, technical and play activity compared to the players with average and below average levels of individually typological features of the CNS. As for the bioenergy indicators (anaerobic metabolism threshold), physical and technical preparedness, significant differences were observed between the players with above and below average level of FMNP. Expert analysis of football players’ play activity in groups with different levels of FMNP showed that better performance was demonstrated by the players with the above average level of FPNP. The data obtained has prognostic validity and can be used in the process of youth players’ selection and optimization of sports training of professional footballers.