Адаптаційні можливості дітей-мешканців середньогір’я в умовах навчального процесу

Abstract

Проведено дослідження вищої нервової діяльності у старшокласників, які постійно проживають на висотах 800 м і 2100 м, на початку, у середині та наприкінці навчального року. Встановлено, що у навчальному процесі відбувається погіршення сенсомоторних показників в обох групах. Довготривала адаптація до гіпоксії в середньогір’ї сприяє більш оптимальній адаптації учнів до навчального процесу та сповільненому розвитку процесів втомлення в корі головного мозку в порівнянні з контролем. Metabolism developing in the process of adaptation to hypoxia is characterized by the system of changes at the highest level of neuroendocrine regulation; for this reason, the investigation of sensorimotor activity of schoolchildren in the process of adaptation to the educational process and as a result of long-lasting adaptation to hypoxia is of current interest. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the psycho-physiological status of secondary school pupils in terms of the formation of adaptive reactions of the body to the educational process under the conditions of low (800 m) and middle altitude (2100 m). The higher nervous activity in secondary school pupils who live at the altitude of 800 m (control) and 2100 m (long-lasting adaptation to hypoxia) for a long time at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the educational process has been investigated. The level of lability and dynamism of basic nervous processes as well as latent time of simple and complex visual-motor response to photic stimulus on neurodynamic examinations device have been evaluated. The aim involved solving the following problems: to examine neurodynamic characteristics of pupils, to study the dynamics of sensorimotor characteristics of pupils in the process of adaptation to studies and to evaluate psycho-physiological criteria of adaptation to the training process in pupils experiencing long-lasting hypoxia compared to the control. In the course of the training process, the decline of sensorimotor indicators under the conditions of both long-lasting adaption to the middle altitude and in low altitude has been observed. However, there were no significant differences in the adaptation to the educational process. It has been demonstrated that the most informative indicator for monitoring the state of the higher nervous activity in secondary school pupils is the level of nervous processes lability. The results obtained after analyzing visual-motor characteristics in schoolchildren provide more detailed information about the features of pupils’ brain functioning under the conditions of adaptation to hypoxia. Long-lasting adaptation to hypoxia in the middle altitude facilitates optimization of pupils’ adaptation to the educational process and retarded development of fatigue processes in the brain cortex compared to the control.