Кабалістичні витоки масонської філософії

Abstract

У статті розглядаються особливості процесу появи масонської доктрини, коли європейська культурна традиція залучила до свого арсеналу сенсоутворювальні філософські основи вчення юдейської Кабали. Актуальність проблеми полягає в рефлексії на постійно зростаючий інтерес до діяльності масонів, з одного боку, та у відсутності спеціальних досліджень на пострадянському просторі – з іншого. The article is dedicated to the highlights of the masonic doctrine appearance process consideration, when European cultural tradition has attracted to its store the meaning-generating philosophical grounds of the Judaic Kabbalah studies. The actuality of the article lies in a reflection to a constantly growing interest in the masons activity from one side, and in the absence of the special researches on the post-soviet territories from another. The target of the research is to clarify the connection between cabalistic discourse and philosophic component of the freemasonry, their influence on the European philosophical systems of the XVII–XVIII centuries, the touch of the European interpretation of Cabala main ideas and masonic doctrine, main meaning-generating components of the freemasonry. The Western-European philosophical discourse has been formed under different esoteric studies influences. The weakness of the modern researches is caused by almost total ignoring that sort of the influences. The Christian interpretation of the Kabbalah, as far back as in Renaissance and Baroque times, led to the peculiar philosophy of Neoplatonism-Hermetism-Kabbalism synthesis appearance. The search of “secret knowledge – secret word” created new methodological potentialities and possibility to connect “old” faith (religion) with the modern scientific research for the European researchers of the XVI – VIII centuries. Such an approach was typical for the Rosicrucian Current (mid. XVII century), which was encouraging European Worldview universal reformation by means of Kabbalah. Some Kabbalah ideas influenced the masonic movement initiation, the works of the philosophers worshiped by the masons: Jacob Bohme, Francis Bacon, Jan Komensky. The ideas of the personal mystical experience have been shared by “Cambridge Neoplatonists”, “Invisible College” of the natural philosophers, German philosopher G.W. Leibniz. The Christian cabalism of I. Newton has combined Hermeneutic approach to the Bible text secret meanings opening with the scientific concepts of that time, which was typical for the masonic doctrine and research practice of masons. Masonic philosophers examined an important role of the mind and spiritual education for the “divine welfare” achieving, the principle of the faith and mind unity. Masons (one of the main masonic theoreticians Albert Pike) involved Christian cabala ideas in their symbolic doctrine, similar ideas became basic for the masonic hermeneutics of the higher degrees of Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. For masons and philosophers of the “masonic circle” the faith was starting from the mind, the science was not opposed to the faith. Masons announced the self-knowledge concept to be the shortest way to the knowledge of God and to the faith, they continued kabbalistic tradition which was a belief in possible superintelligent intuitive person’s understanding the hermetic and the sacral by means of the pretersensual intuition abilities awakening. Masonic ideal based on cabalistic studies about equilibrium and harmony. Masons, like kabbalists, strove for universal correction and harmonization of the world. In the worldwide masonic movement such a message has formed a doctrine of the active social interference into the general creating, evolution process practice necessity, of the Creator’s cocreators special role in the reality transformation. Masonic movement social potentialities are derivative from the kabbalistic worldview, the masonic ritual grounds on the Old Testament symbolism. As well as cabalists, masons considered the person had to clean its available areas of existence for the future perfect world “construction