Емпіричні вектори режиму консолідованої демократії Угорщини: універсальний підхід Nations in Transit

Abstract

Political and social transformations in Hungary over the past few decades resulted in both successful transition to consolidated democracy as well as problems, determined by the existing authoritarian tendencies in the domain of management. Parliamentary democracy, accompanied by establishing an influential management centre, that is government, have laid foundations for political transit in Hungary. Ambiguity of the Hungarian democratic transit is determined on the basis of empiric analysis of the current state as well as future prospects of the political system. Within the framework of the Nations in Transit applied methodology, the level of corruption and the mass-media autonomy are defined as the most problematic issues in the democratic evolution, while democratisation is measured by civil society and elections transparency. Traditionally, national and local self-government, judicial system autonomy are regarded as the steadiest indicators. Consolidated democracy regime has evolved as an anticipated outcome of social and political transformations, established after socialist system collapse. According to the empiric calcula- tions, the highest consolidated democracy indicators in Hungary were observed in the late 1990s – early 2010s. Eventually, Hungary has been characterised by downfard tendencies in the political democracy level. Since 1996, democracy scores in political and social domains have constantly worsened. The final democracy score of the 2013 demonstrates gradual increase in nondemocratic phenomena in the political transit of the country.