Основні аспекти впливу концепту Валового національного щастя на державну політику Королівства Бутан

Abstract

The modern political space is constantly becoming more complex, so the number of factors influencing the formation of state policy is increasing. At the same time, it is becoming more difficult to assess the effectiveness of state policy by citizens. Therefore, the problem of human development and measuring the satisfaction and happiness of citizens is becoming more urgent in the international environment. The article discusses the features of assessing the happiness of citizens using the concept of Gross national happiness. It is noted that the problem of happiness is actualized for the reason that the feeling of satisfaction with life affects the legitimacy of state power and the preservation of national unity of the state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main forms of realization of the concept of happiness and its impact on the political and public sphere in the Kingdom of Bhutan. The methods used in the article include the system method, structural and functional, comparative, psychological, behavioral. The article notes that Gross national happiness is an attempt to influence the unilateral assessment of happiness and satisfaction of citizens in terms of economic indicators of development. The example of the Kingdom of Bhutan vividly demonstrates the ability to influence satisfaction and national happiness in the state by non-economic methods. The concept of Gross national happiness is a public policy-making mechanism that has long been effective, which is why it has been recognized as an alternative form of human development by international organizations (in particular the United Nations). The orientation of the national political and social development of the nation towards the formation of a sense of national and political happiness is an officially declared goal of all political activities of the state authorities, which seek to ensure fair and sustainable socio-economic development, environmental protection, preservation of culture and effective public administration. In the concept of national, political happiness of Bhutan is quite strong influence of Buddhism as a system of ideological and cultural practices. Society, political culture, form of government has a large impact on the particular implementation of the concept of Gross national happiness in Bhutan.