Вплив політичної кризи 2000−2013 рр. на конституційний процес у Зімбабве

Abstract

The political crisis in Zimbabwe during the years 2000–2013 has significantly reflected on the constitutional process in the state. In turn, the current constitution of the Republic of Zimbabwe, with the help of the adoption of which ended in crisis, influenced the results of the political crisis of November 2017, because it was thanks to this Constitution that Emerson Mnangagwa was able to obtain a presidential post. Existing research on the political system of Zimbabwe does not consider the constitutional process in the country as a struggle for power between political forces. That is why the purpose of this article was to identify the relationship between the influence exercised by the opposition on the political process and the changes made to the Constitution in order to strengthen the positions of the authorities. In view of this, the task was formulated: to analyze the preconditions of the political crises of 2000–2013 and 2017, to determine the role of the main political figures in these events, to trace the evolution of the main political forces of modern Zimbabwe and to study the internal and external influence on the constitutional process. In order to achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: systematic, critical-dialectical, structural-functional, comparative, normative-value approach, historical and civilization methods, the principle of scientific objectivism, as well as general scientific methods on which anyany research: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Also, the study is based on secondary sociological analysis data. As a result, it was discovered that the political crisis of 2000–2013 was a struggle between the government and the opposition, the main lever of which was the introduction of amendments to the Constitution. The result of this struggle was the redistribution of powers and restrictions on the personal power of the President, reflected in the new Constitution, which was adopted in 2013. However, the crisis of 2000–2013 has affected the internal and external situation of Zimbabwe, turning it into an expatriate country. In analyzing the events that preceded the crisis of 2017, it was found that it has a radically different nature, since it was primarily caused by the struggle between generations of the political elite within the ruling party. As a result of the events that took place in November 2017, Zimbabwe received a new president, who is still a representative of the old political class, and a new political course aimed at making the country open to the world and overcoming the effects of the foreign policy isolation of the time of R. Mugabe.