Вивчення критеріїв диференційованого навчання у системі фізичного виховання школярів

Abstract

Проблеми в організації навчально-виховного процесу з фізичної культури певною мірою пояснюються тим, що в школі продовжують переважати суб’єктно-об’єктні стосунки, фронтальні форми роботи. У статті

узагальнено погляди дослідників щодо критеріїв диференційованого навчання фізичного виховання, прослідко- вано зв'язок рухової координації та рухової пам’яті, обґрунтовано можливість використання часових, просто- рових та силових параметрів рухової дії як важливих критеріїв диференційованого навчання фізичного вихо- вання..The article generalizes scientists’ views on searching for criteria of differentiated teaching. The author underlines that differentiated teaching adapts materials and methodology to schoolchildren’s peculiarities and can be efficient only

in case of pupils’ levels classification due to the defined criteria. The system elements of the differentiated teaching cri- teria depend on approaches to the term “differentiated teaching”. In modern science it is understood as innovative tech- nology, as specific differentiated approach, as method of differentiated assessment of students’ physical fitness. From

these positions one considers indices of schoolchildren’s physical fitness, psychological and emotional state, integral indices of physical condition, anthropometrical indices, indices of morphological and functional development, etc. Thearticle also reveals the interconnection between motor coordination and motor memory because a correct performance

of motor action has two aspects: qualitative and quantitative. Motor memory is a specific type of memory which con- nects with memorizing of specific materials with time, space, speed and strength characteristics. The optimum level of

the development of an ability to orient in space improves by the first years of teenage period. The author has states that tests for precision of differentiation of strength characteristics are the most difficult for mastering. Improving of strength precision of movements provides the development of the ability to assess and differentiate the level of muscle tension by different groups of muscles and when performing different movements. That’s why these parameters can be taken as leading criteria of differentiated teaching in Physical Training.