Територіальна політика держав ЄС: стабілізація та конструювання політичних систем

Abstract

У дисертації визначено специфіку територіальної політики та інструменти стабілізації територіально-політичних систем держав ЄС в умовах конструювання простору політичної взаємодії. Визначено особливості розвитку теоретико-методологічних підходів в дослідженнях організації складних політичних систем. Виявлено специфіку підходів щодо трансформації логіки конструювання територіально-політичної системи європейської єдності. Встановлено інституційну основу формування спільної територіальної політики в європейському просторі та виявлено інструменти її впровадження. Надано оцінку розвитку політичного простору ЄС в контексті реформи територіально-політичної структури та трансформації простору громадської та політичної участі. Виявлено специфіку морфології територіально-політичних систем ЄС, з’ясовано адаптаційні стратегії держав в умовах впровадження європейських стандартів реформування територіально-політичних систем, обґрунтовано інструменталізацію територіальних політик держав ЄС. В диссертации определены специфика территориальной политики и инструменты стабилизации территориально-политических систем государств ЕС в условиях конструирования пространства политического взаимодействия. Определены особенности развития теоретико-методологических подходов в исследованиях организации сложных политических систем. Выявлена специфика подходов к трансформации логики конструирования территориально-политической системы европейского единства. Установлена институциональная основа формирования общей территориальной политики в европейском пространстве и выявлены инструменты ее внедрения. Дана оценка развития политического пространства ЕС в контексте реформы территориально-политической структуры и трансформации пространства общественного и политического участия. Выявлена специфика морфологии территориально-политических систем ЕС, выяснены адаптационные стратегии государств в условиях внедрения европейских стандартов реформирования территориально-политических систем, обоснована инструментализация территориальных политик государств ЕС. Thesis is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the development of scientific and methodological approaches to studying complex modern territorial-political systems. Author’s vision of correlation between basic categories of research – space, territory, place, as well as analytical categories: political space, territorial policy, multilevel implementation of politics, and management, has been substantiated. Thesis presents practically significant provisions explaining new model of political relations in context of restructuring, dehierarchization, rescaling of complex territorial-political systems by example of analysis of territorial policy in the EU. The thesis demonstrates changes in logic of development of the EU countries as systems that implement the model of “Europe of Regions,” standards of decentralization, and multilevel governance. Development of self-government and regionalization systems in the EU is of particular importance. Dialectical two-dimensionality of the world as a “locus” – a space that has boundaries, and “topos” as a place of the infinite unfolding of meanings, determines the process of self-determination and development in spaces of social, cultural, and political relations. Minimal holder of territorial and political features – “place” – is defined as a continuous and highly politicized development process. Implementing the EU’s regional policy in the interstate borderland has developed a network of transnational systems with hybrid institutionally polymorphic structures of vertical and horizontal dimensions, absorbing state borders and developing in parallel with national states. Polymorphism and asymmetry have been presented by the model of political relations, demonstrated by relations in systems of “territorial parts” of the EU member states and the relations between the EU and the remote territories of the EU member states. Thus, decentralization processes have led to changes of participants’ status within the “European political space,” whether they are “Outermost Regions” that are part of the EU or “Overseas Countries and Territories” of the EU countries’ that are not part of the EU. Process of deterritorialization of the political process in the EU, formation of “effective citizenship” as a supranational system of participation, have demonstrated the peculiarities of relations between the systems of national, regional, and supranational European citizenship. Transformation of “territorial possession” systems into “systems of spatial development” demonstrates changes in EU policy that has acquired the strategic nature of transforming space as a condition of the political process into its result. Thesis contains an analysis of national models of development of decentralization reforms and implementation of standards for territorial and political development of the EU that are focused on finding a compromise between the basic ideas of the EU’s development: “Europe of Regions” and “Europe of Nations.” Thesis introduces the standards of the EU territorial and political development that led to establishment of asymmetric regional model, with consideration of unitary structure preservation, that has been demonstrated by example of France and the Netherlands that as founding states of the EU have a significant number of remote non-mainland territories for which specific national territorial policy and the EU policy have been adopted. Models of national reform in Poland and Hungary as new EU states, for which the introduction of standards of territorial and political reform of the EU was a condition for integration into the EU, have been studied. Thesis provides that adoption of territorial policies of these states has taken place against background of changing national development strategy with an emphasis on polymorfity of their national and cultural space and against background of constant correlation between relations of the EU supranational level and tendency to recentralization. Consideration of the EU territorial policy underpinned analysis of integration system’s mechanism and process of territorial expansion. Example of Ukraine has demonstrated implementation of the EU’s requirements to establish territorial-political interaction on the territory of state that is not a member of the EU. This research is aimed to support national decentralization reform on implementation of the best experience of the EU states in stabilizing territorial-political systems in the context of transformation associated with development of political space and political interaction practices in complex territorial-political systems. Thesis is designated to develop comparative territorial politics as an integral direction of researches, in which the territorial attributes of politics or the political attributes of the territory are recognized as significant. Thesis is designated to develop territorial policy research as a field of political science that integrates scientific analyses in areas where the territorial attributes of politics or political attributes of the territory are significant.