Хаос як предмет соціальної філософії

Abstract

У кваліфікаційній науковій праці представлено результати дослідження проблеми хаосу як предмета соціальної філософії. Проведено історико філософський аналіз поняття хаосу у міфологічній і філософській думці, починаючи від періоду античності – до сучасної постнекласичної філософії, виділено його суттєві сенси й значення. Розглянуто становлення природничо наукових теорій, пов'язаних з вивченням процесів хаотизації у природних об'єктах та окреслено загальні характеристики інтерпретації цих процесів. Виявлено теоретико-методологічні основи досліджень соціального хаосу у соціальній синергетиці. Визначено роль хаосу і механізмів хаотизації соціальної реальності на підставі теорії соціальної самоорганізації, запропонованої у вітчизняній соціально-філософській думці XXI ст. Обґрунтувано можливість психосинергетичного підходу до дослідження соціальної реальності з використанням моделі «психомірної системи / середовища», що запропонована у психосинергетиці. Розкрито теоретичний і евристичний потенціал психосинергетичних стратегій (розробок і методик) взаємодії з соціальним хаосом з позицій самоорганізації особистості і суспільства. The results of the research of the problem of chaos as a subject of social philosophy are presented in the qualifying scientific work. A historical and philosophical analysis of the concept of chaos in mythological and philosophical thought, from the period of antiquity to modern post-nonclassical philosophy, its significant meanings and meanings are highlighted. The formation of natural science theories related to the study of chaotic processes in natural objects is considered and the general characteristics of the interpretation of these processes are outlined. Theoretical and methodological bases of researches of social chaos in social synergetics are revealed. The role of chaos and mechanisms of chaos of social reality is determined on the basis of the theory of social self-organization proposed in the domestic socio-philosophical thought of the XXI century. The possibility of a psychosynergetic approach to the study of social reality using the model of "psychomeric system / environment" proposed in psychosynergetics is substantiated. The theoretical and heuristic potential of psychosynergetic strategies (developments and methods) of interaction with social chaos from the standpoint of self-organization of the individual and society is revealed. The object of study is chaos as a category of socio-philosophical thought and a phenomenon of social reality. The subject of research is the evolution of theoretical and conceptual models of social chaos in post-classical socio-philosophical thought. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of social chaos and chaotic processes of social reality, based on post classical methodology, represented by synergetic and psychosynergetic studies of representatives of the philosophical and scientific Ukrainian synergetic school. A new concept "chaoticization of the psychomerism of social reality" was introduced into scientific circulation, which revealed the role and influence of the social subject and his psyche on the processes of chaotic social reality in periods of social bifurcations (social conflicts, crises, upheavals). The provisions of the qualification work can be used to develop a strategy for the development of social and philosophical research in Ukraine, scientific methodological and philosophical development of research on the concept of chaos and chaotic processes of social reality in the socio-humanitarian sphere, as well as in psychosynergetic studies of society and personality. time of teaching the following educational components: "Social Philosophy", "Social Synergetics", "Psychosynergetics", "Synergetics", "Sociology", "Philosophy", "Psychology", as well as special courses on the phenomenon of chaos, social chaos and social theory self-organization. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic, its connection with research programs, plans, topics, defines the purpose, objectives, object and subject of research, revealed and detailed novelty and practical significance of the results, their testing, structure and scope of qualification work. The first section - "The relationship of order and chaos in socio-humanitarian cognition" - analyzes the basic meanings and meanings of the concept of "chaos" in philosophical, scientific and socio-humanitarian cognition, which led to the conclusion about the evolution of ideas about chaos in history -philosophical perspective and establish the basic meanings of this concept, which exist in modern socio-humanitarian knowledge. The origin of the concept of chaos is considered, starting with the ancient philosophy, in which chaos was defined as the initial stage of formation of the natural and social world. It is emphasized that the mythological thought of antiquity is characterized by an understanding of the transition from chaos to space. Concepts related to the understanding of the world cosmogonic process and their interpretation of chaos as the initial state of the world are analyzed: the first - chaos as physical space; the second is chaos as a life-giving principle. The most relevant philosophical concept of chaos appears in modern philosophical thought - in the philosophy of postmodernism, which forms an auxiliary concept of "chaos", which combines the concepts of chaos and space as opposed to classical philosophy, which opposed them. A feature of the philosophical analysis of chaos begun by French postmodern philosophers is the appeal to the scientific theory of dynamic chaos, which appeared in the twentieth century in the natural sciences (physics, chemistry). The phenomenon of chaos in natural science knowledge is considered. The discovery of physical phenomena of deterministic chaos completely changed the attitude to causality: the behavior of systems of different nature revealed a coincidence, which was inevitable. This coincidence of mathematics was called chaos, which leads to the destruction of a stable idea of the opposite order. Chaos, from a mathematical point of view, is not just not the opposite order, but also one that has a more complex level of order. The development of the mathematical theory of dynamic chaos and fractal geometry proved that there is order in chaos. This order, however, does not have the usual forms of uniformity and symmetry. The development of scientific research on chaos in natural science in the second half of XX century. significantly influenced the development of scientific theories of dynamic chaos and the creation of various mathematical models of chaos of any natural phenomena. Sectoral studies of chaos were based on the specifics of certain natural objects, and therefore the definition of chaos as a holistic phenomenon became possible only in the synergetics of G. Haken and the theory of dissipative structures of I. Prigogine. The concepts of Ukrainian philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, teachers of the late XX - early XXI centuries are considered, which prove the validity of the application of a synergetic approach in the social sciences and humanities. Natural science theories, under the influence of which the synergetics was formed, have developed their theoretical apparatus for the study of complex nonlinear self organizing systems. The second section - "Essential characteristics of social chaos" - clarifies the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of social chaos, defines the theory of social self-organization and means of interaction with social chaos. The methodological foundations of the study of social chaos are related to synergetics as a general scientific research program that allows explication in the field of social knowledge of the theory and concept of natural sciences, in particular the theory of dynamic chaos. On its basis, the concept of "social chaos" was proposed in the social sciences, which has become widespread in modern socio-philosophical studies. It is determined that the theory of social self-organization forms a new vision of the processes of social transformations and changes, because it reveals the crucial role of chaos in establishing a new social order, which is a complication and development of the social system at the structural level. Social chaos is seen as a necessary and ever present element of a complex, self-organizing social system that contributes to its change and development. It is established that in modern society such social structures as games, myths have not lost their social significance and function, but on the contrary, transforming into various new forms, they continue to form self-organizing mechanisms of the social system. The concept of controlled chaos is described, which provides for the consideration of the problem of chaos, randomness and unpredictability of the development of socio-political systems (societies) through the prism of the selection of strategies for interaction with chaos. The concept of culture as a social self organization is considered. Within the theory of social self-organization, an important aspect belongs to the multidimensionality of man as a social subject who participates in the processes of self-organization, making social choices that significantly affect the development of the social system. The study of human multidimensionality allows us to expand the range of approaches and disciplines that can be useful for the study of self organization and chaos of social reality. We emphasize the role of the psychological aspect, as psychosynergetics as a discipline that emerged at the intersection of synergetics and psychology, allows us to identify new facets and issues of self organization at the level of the social system as a whole and at the individual level of the social subject. The third section - "Psychosynergetic strategies of interaction with social chaos" - explores strategies of interaction with social chaos in terms of psychosynergetic approach, which shows the existence of psychomeric characteristics of the social system of the individual and society. The new theory of the psyche as a synergetic object, proposed by IV Ershova Babenko, made it possible to consider man as an individual with its own peculiarities of mental development. Focusing on the person allowed to consider the social reality as a psychomeric environment that develops and transforms as a result of mental activity of a person, group, community on different scales. Fundamental is defined as a mental factor that creates the integrity of the individual, its unity and integration of different levels - from biological to cultural. A new concept has been introduced into scientific circulation - the chaoticization of the psychomerism of social reality, which captures and consolidates the idea that human subjectivity plays a key role in moments of chaotic society, ie the passage of bifurcation (crisis) situations leading to a qualitative change in its further development. The ecology of the individual's psyche is presented as one of the most successful and promising strategies for overcoming chaos on a personal level. It is proved that the network society creates the necessary conditions for establishing various social ties and relationships that contribute to the self-organization of society in times of social instability and crisis, as the network allows people to unite who have similar interests, values and aspirations. Constructive strategies of personality development in conditions of uncertainty and chaos are analyzed: the ability to self-regulation and self-correction of mental states. This concept is based on the fact that the psychomeric system is not so much based on its a priori internal qualities and adaptive resources, as on its constant interaction with the environment. It is proved that psychosynergeticstrategies are an integral part of modern social discourse (theory of social self-organization), as they open new opportunities and prospects for the development of personal self organization as a complex psychomeric environment / system that self-organizes in social chaos and social transformations.