Поняття міжкультурної комунікації у психолого-педагогічній літературі

Abstract

У статті подано аналіз розвитку міжкультурної комунікації як культурного обміну між народами, що сприяє більшому взаєморозумінню на різних рівнях; проаналізовано теоретико-методологічну базу дослідження міжкультурної комунікації, її прагматичні аспекти, які сприяють кращому взаєморозумінню і розширенню поля міжкультурної взаємодії. ВThe article presents the analysis of intercultural communication as a cultural exchange between nations contributing to greater mutual understanding at different levels. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study of intercultural communication and its pragmatic aspects which contribute to a better understanding and expand the field of intercultural interaction. Recently, the relations between civilizations based on intercultural communication has acquired a special status, since the needs of the people in cultural understanding, their desire to learn the inner world of each other lead to the intensification of communication processes which become systemic. Only by finding consensus, mankind can solve global problems and protect themselves from self-destruction. Intercultural communication as a special kind of communication involves communication between speakers of different languages and different cultures. The contrasting of languages and cultures reveals both common, universal and specific, national, original features caused by differences in the history of nations. The purpose of the article is to explore the concept of intercultural communication in psychological and pedagogical literature. Among all possible means of communication created by mankind, speech is the main phenomenon with its communicative function being principal and determining. Therefore, language, in which key features of the human nature as well as those of all national and cultural community are reflected, is always the focus of intercultural communication. It should be mentioned that knowledge of language and command of it are not identical. Good command of language, in other words, the ability to freely speak and understand it, to think by means of language, is a natural phenomenon, universal property to which a person is habituated from an early age, further more he / she does this into a greater extent automatically, on the verge of conscious and subconscious. Language skills are considered to be quite a conscious perception of language as a treasury of certain knowledge about mankind and the world fixed in vocabulary, phraseology, grammar and other linguistic modes of expression.Conscious and deep knowledge of language or languages appears most frequently in the process of comparing. Awareness of the importance of cultural and historical factors in the process of communication, knowledge and adequate reproduction of the norms of verbal and nonverbal behaviour facilitate successful intercultural communication because communication process involves understanding and mutual adaptation of interlocutors. In order to understand oneself as an integral part of interaction, one needs to change approaches to teaching foreign languages, country study, communication as well as to move from theoretical knowledge to practical courses, to break down false cultural stereotypes.