Оптимізація навчального процесу з фізичного виховання у вищих закладах освіти на основі моніторингу функціональних можливостей студентів

Abstract

У роботі наведено результати математичного аналізу серцевого ритму студентів 17-19 років при функціональному тестуванні за методикою Д. М. Давиденка зі співавторами (1984). Установлено гендерні зміни показників варіаційної пульсометрії до велоергометричного навантаження під час тестування та після нього у ранній період відновлення. На основі отриманих даних доведено безпечність застосування фізичного навантаження для моніторингу функціональних можливостей студентської молоді.One of the most efficient methods of evaluating children and youth’s adaptive capacity is controlled activity testing. The aim of the paper is to study the safety and the ways of using the testing with load power change over one cycle when monitoring students’ functional capacity at physical education classes. The study involved the following tasks: 1) to examine the functional capacity of students aged 17-19 years using the indicators of their physical working capacity, aerobic capacity, the state of the mechanisms of cardiac rhythm regulation and estimate their correspondence to the standards; 2) to study gender peculiarities of the functional capacity and response of regulatory systems to the test. The following research methods were used: questionnaire, anthropometry, pedagogical testing of physical fitness, cycle ergometer test, electrocardiography, tonometry, variation pulsometry, statistical methods. 150 students aged 17-19 years studying at the first and the second course at the South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D Ushynsky and Odessa National Academy of Telecommunications named after A. S. Popov, namely 86 girls and 64 boys belonging to the group with no medical constraints for doing physical exercises, took part in the study. The variation pulsometry data obtained at muscular rest demonstrates optimum level of regulatory mechanisms activity. The procedure of cardiac rhythm mathematical analysis has made it possible to distinguish the following regulation types: sympathicotonic, normotonic and vagotonic. The research has shown that the majority of students have normotonic regulation type. The results obtained after the test load with reverse show significant changes in the functional state of regulatory mechanisms. According to most indicators of variation pulsometry at the highest load (reverse moment) and in the first minutes of recovery after the functional testing, the most preferable reaction of regulatory mechanisms of cardiac rhythm in boys and girls was observed. Also, some gender peculiarities were discovered: in the reverse moment, the boys were characterized by the highest rate of strain of the regulatory mechanisms of cardiac rhythm. Thus, the functional capacity monitoring with the use of cycle ergometer load with power change over one cycle provides an opportunity of comprehensive assessment of the functional capacity of students’ body, which may be useful for optimization of teaching physical education at higher educational institutions.