Стратегія Росії і США у Каспійському регіоні

Abstract

The article analyzes the conceptual foundations and the main factors of the formation of foreign policy strategies of Russia and the USA in the Caspian region. The author argues that the regional foreign policy strategy of the Russian Federation was determined by the interests of the national energy monopoly and its main tasks were and do not presume the creation of independent transport routes, which would allow Caspian countries to export energy resources to the world market by Russian control. The retention of control over the Caspian route of supply is important for Russia and for its global energy strategy, the main aim of which deals with the achieving the position of the leading supplier of energy resources to the European Union and penetration, thanks to this lever, into its economy and political sphere. The Russian policy in the region in the instrumental sense is aimed at maintaining its own military dominance and creating situational partnerships that provide a mechanism for geopolitical domination. Russian policy is a policy of relaxation of equal schemes of interstate regional cooperation, maintenance of monopoly access to the transportation of energy resources. On the contrary, US policy is aimed at creating independent from Russia equal interstate alliances and providing free competitive access to the natural energy resources of the region. Russia seeks to control the process of establishing the international legal status of the Caspian Sea, providing such a scheme for its settlement, which will guarantee its monopoly and dominant geostrategic position, comparing it with other countries of the Caspian basin. The aim of the article is to analyze the foreign policy strategies of Russia and the US in the Caspian region based on current trends in world relations. It is stated that the regional strategy of Russia is aimed at the political isolation of the region, which was successfully implemented during the first decades. Its methods are the creation of zones of controlled instability, delaying the territorial delineation and the formation of contradictions in the relations of the Caspian states, military domination. The author concludes that, in general, Russia's successful counteraction to regional projects of the United States aimed at opening the energy potential of the region for the world market and its deep political reformatting through the creation of a regional political bloc of GUUAM. At the moment this situation is undergoing change due to a change in the underlying factors that contributed to Russian success.