Гендерний аспект лідерства: теоретичний аналіз

Abstract

У статті проводиться аналіз існуючих теоретичних підходів та емпіричних досліджень з питання генде- рних аспектів лідерства в професійній сфері та стереотипів, які існують в суспільстві щодо управлінської діяльності жінок. Розглядаються результати досліджень щодо відмінностей чоловіків та жінок-управлінців. Визначені перспективні тенденції досліджень гендерного аспекту лідерства. The article analyzes the existing theoretical approaches and empirical studies on the gender aspects of leadership in the professional field and stereotypes that exist in society for the women management. The relevance of studying the issue of gender aspects of leadership in contemporary Ukrainian society is considered.There are four approaches to studying the leadership and gender. The first one is based on the fact that the leadership is biologically determined, in other words congenital, and belongs only to men. The second approach admits the role of socialization and analyzes the concept of gender role as one of the determinative factors of leadership. The third approach contains a number of factors including identification which forms a gender role and influences the effectiveness of management. The fourth approach determines the differences in the way men and women reach the leadership.The author makes the conclusion about the inconsistency of the empirical researches and the absence of the general structure of learning this question. The gender inequality in the aspect of leadership is explained basically by the existence of gender and cultural stereotypes. That is why female-leader needs to be more competent than male-leader. In the groups where women dominate men are preferred (sometimes the key reason is gender). In ―masculine society‖ a woman with masculine features can be doomed to inner conflict which makes her activity less effective. Woman’s leadership ambition can be regarded as overcoming personal inferiority. Considering the fact that men status is generally higher in the society, the male-leader’s primary perception would be higher.The promising research trends in the gender aspects of leadership are identified. Firstly, this is the question of forming the personality of female-leader, the conditions of actualization and development of her leader potential, the influence of woman to the activity of the organization, motives of her behavior, her attitude towards herself, troubles which appear on the way of achieving positions and after reaching them. Also it is mentioned that the further learning of gender aspects of leadership should be directed to detection of the existing models of female-leadership behavior which would allow detecting the most effective behavior on the given stage of Ukrainian society development.