Шкідливі звички молоді в контексті валеологічних ідей К. Д. Ушинського

Abstract

У статті обґрунтовано валеологічні ідеї К. Д. Ушинського. Виявлено такі складники здорового способу життя у педагогіці Ушинського: активна рухова діяльність, гігієна праці та відпочинку, здоровий сон, збалансоване харчування, сприятливий психоемоційний стан, відмова від шкідливих звичок. На основі вивчення низки психолого-педагогічних творів К. Д. Ушинського, визначено засоби, що негативно впливають на організм молодої людини: марна трату часу, лінощі, надмірне вживання алкоголю, куріння. З’ясовано, що «рецепт» самовиховання К. Д. Ушинського може слугувати моделлю формування здорової особистості, допомагати їй долати шкідливі звички. In the article K. D. Ushinsky’s valeological ideas are substantiated. The components of healthy lifestyle are detected in Ushinsky’s Pedagogy: active motion activity; hygiene of labour and rest; healthy sleep; balanced nutrition; a favorable psycho-emotional state; rejection from harmful habits. For the purpose of theoretical grounding of harmful habit problems, which were spread among pupils’ and students’ representatives in the second half of the XIX century in European countries, on the basis of Ushinky’s psychological and pedagogical works the number of studies were implemented into curricula. There have been defined various habits that adversely affect a human organism: waste of time, laziness, excessive drinking, smoking. In the article it has been stated that the «recipe» of K. D. Ushinky’s self-education can serve as a model for young man personality formation in moral and volitional spheres, health improvement and protection from harmful habits. It has been found out that self-education is an important factor of person’s healthy formation in K. D. Ushinsky’s scientific pedagogy. The self-education program of Ushinsky’s student is an effective means of a young man personality self-perfection in a morally volitional sphere; furthermore, this is the means of spiritual health strengthening. It includes these components: calmness; straightforwardness in words and actions; deliberation of actions; resoluteness; a verbal restraint; a rational use of time; a daily report of acts and actions; avoidance of boastfulness; a dream secret.The ability to manage your behaviour, the ability to criticize oneself, to find faults with one’s work must become a permanent feature of the holistic character, the formation of which is the major part of education. K. D. Ushinsky defined a number of self-education tasks in the process when a person overcame harmful habits: to rationalize one’s own life; to develop self-discipline, needs, interests, desires; to strengthen a feeling of responsibility; to work at the formation of a word and an act unity; to refuse from needless things; to form a sense of measure; to train the attitude toward people as to the highest value; to learn how to manage one’s own emotions and feelings. A prominent pedagogue consideres preservation and strengthening of the young organism health, his / her physical and mental potential to be one of acute tasks of peson’s physical and mental development. In the context of the studied problem, these priority principles of the valeological education in K.D.Ushinsky’s pedagogics are identified: a desire to move; the culture of rational nutrition; strong sleep, restoration of physical strength; hygiene of labour and rest, the optimum psychologically emotional development, hardening of will and optimism; life without harmful habits, overcome of lazinesses; high moral attitude towards environment, people and oneself.