Диспансеризация спортсменов, специализирующихся в легкой атлетике

Abstract

Изучение состояния здоровья спортсменов является актуальным, так как показатели спортивных результатов зависят от уровня здоровья атлетов. Анализ данных диспансеризации легкоатлетов позволил установить, что у 29,1% была зарегистрирована патология различных органов и систем организма. Проведенный анализ структуры патологии у спортсменов предоставил возможность определения перспективных направлений дальнейшей профилактической деятельности и в процессе подготовки спортсменов данной специализации. The article deals with the results of health survey of athletes. The analysis of the medical examination of athletes of different specializations revealed that in 29.1% cases pathology of various organs and body systems of the surveyed athletes was registered. We established that somatic pathology is the most common; it takes the first place in the struc ture of the revealed pathology and it was recorded in 14.98% cases; pathology of the musculoskeletal system takes the 2nd place - 4.21%, visual pathology takes the 3rd place – 3.69%, the 4th place - neurological pathology - 2.86%, the 5th place - ENT pathology - 2.07%, the 6th place - dermatological pathology - 1.48% and the 7th place - allergic pathology - 1.3%. In comparison with the figures obtained in 2012, the total number of athletes with health disabilities on average increased by 1.36 %, and the percentage of somatic pathologies increased by 2.5%. Speaking of pathology, it is neces sary to take into account particular characteristics of physical activity specific to each particular specialization in this sport. Besides, the correspondence of the rates of morbidity, injury and functional systems overwork is periodic and depends on the period of training athletes. The highest level of these rates coincides with the highest level of physical activity. So, the main point of application of prevention efforts in the sport should be the prevention of functional dis orders of physiological processes as a result of physical exertion of large volume and intensity. The analysis of the re vealed pathology structure allowed to determine prospective lines of further preventive activity: firstly, the development of integrated strategy of nosology prevention at all stages of training athletes; secondly, the composition of rehabilita tion programmes aimed at prevention of disease relapses of athletes having a pathology, and also prevention of func tional shifts of healthy contingent’s body systems.