Психологічні аспекти впливу засобів масової комунікації на свідомість громадян: безпека та збиток

Abstract

У статті розкрито основні психологічні аспекти діяльності засобів масової комунікації (ЗМК), представлені

в науковій літературі. Позначено у вигляді загальних і вузькоспеціалізованих функцій найбільш психологізовані ас- пекти ЗМК; проаналізовано функції агента впливу, агента контрвпливу та пасивного, активного і нейтрального

агентів рефлексії; виділено поведінкові, настановні, когнітивні та фізіологічні наслідки дії ЗМК.Массовая информация всегда является результатом взаимодействия конкретных людей, поэтому в ее раз-

о.Mass media is considered as the result of a kind of specific people’s interaction, so it is impossible to analyze its development and influence on people’s minds without the modern psychological knowledge about a personality. The main difficulty of this issue is that the today’s mass information is often affected by someone’s opinion, is simplified and very often there is no possibility to consider and analyze it independently. Ukrainian realities prove that in some cases this information can be dangerous because a person takes it as it is, without thorough understanding: for some people it is easier to absorb any kind of information than to dwell upon it and to judge it. The purpose of the article is to reveal the basic psychological aspects of MMC presented in the scholarly literature. The most important psychological

aspects of MMC are its functions. Scientists distinguish the following functions of MMC: 1) communicative 2) infor- mative; 3) organizational; 4) ideological; 5) culturally-educational; 6) utilitarian; 7) recreational. Moreover, some spe- cific functions of MMC are even more significant than the above mentioned common ones, especially when it concerns

the influence on people’s minds. In our opinion, the functions of the agent of influence, the agent of anti-influence, as well as passive, active and neutral agents of reflection play an important role in understanding the mechanisms of the

psychological impact of mass media on the consciousness of citizens. Any kind of MMC influence is not a self- sufficient psychological category. The more important thing is the consequences of this impact. There are behavioural,

positioning, cognitive and physiological effects of MMC influence. Thus, MMC creates a special reality for a person in

different areas, basing on different psychological processes. The content and form of MMC are oriented on the psycho- logical manipulation. They can lead to a passive, inert state of a person, which blocks his/her active actions. Consider- ing a number of MMC influences on a person’s mind, it is necessary to focus on its forms, which can awake one’s con- sciousness and concentrate the attention on socially important issues.