Інноваційні тенденції у світовій вокальній педагогіці минулого та сучасності

Abstract

У статі розглянуто визначні етапи розвитку вокального мистецтва і освіти, визначено взаємозв’язок духовних, суспільно-культурних. мистецьких та музично-художніх чинників у становленні вокального мистецтва, зумовленість пошуку інноваційних виконавських прийомів, які дозволяли співакам досягати очікуваної виразності й змістовності виконання. Визначено головні особливості провідних вокальних шкіл, тенденції їх прояву в процесі становлення вокально-педагогічної думки, в інноваційно-пошуковій діяльності видатних викладачів вокалу на зламі епох і стилів. The investigation of the process of the changes taking place within culture, in the vocal art and Pedagogy to be more precise, plays a significant role not only in the comprehension of the complex processes of the past, but also in the sphere of creative searches which occur in today’s artistic science and practice. The importance of the study of humanity’s experience for its further development was highlighted by these scientists: L. Vygotsky, S. Zyazun, D. Likhachyov, M. Kagan, M. Kiyashchenko and others. The scientists like B.Astafiev, V.Sladkopevets, O.Lanshchikova, P. Lutsker, I. Susidko, G. Stasko, E. Simonova and others paid great attention to its analysis in the sphere of vocal art. The article aims at the determination of the most promising innovations in vocal art of the past and opportunities of their organic use in the modern performer-singer training in creative universal activity within his / her onstage, artistic and pedagogical activities. These methods enabled the elaboration of the materials: retrospective and historical analysis, data generalization of scientific and memoir literature, comprehension of practical experience of vocal performance and teaching singing. The main development stages of vocal art and education have been considered in the article; the interconnection between spiritual, sociocultural, artistic and music-artistic factors in the formation of vocal art have been determined; the seach for the innovative performance techniques which enabled singers to achieve a new quality of expressiveness and pithiness in their performance has been conditioned. The main peculiarities of the leading vocal schools and tendencies of their manifestation in the process of the formation of vocal-pedagogical tought, ways of their implementation into innovative search activities of teachers of vocal at the turn of eras and styles have been characterized. The regulations saying that while training vocalists as performers and future teachers of vocal, it is expedient to focus attention on a universal performer who is able to solve creative problems in different spheres of activity, possess techiques of both academic and folk singing, improvisation, jazz in accordance with cultural demands of modern society have been substantiated. It requires pedagogue's mastery of all possible methodological laws and principles of singer’s education, his / her awareness of the newest achievements and innovative searches initiated by modern masters of vocal Pedagogy, ability for creative comprehension of opportunities of their adoption by a singer taking into account his / her individual features and perspectives of development in the field of singing. It has been proved that the deepening of specialists’ views in the area of the vocal art stylistics; their further study of methodical fundamentals of great masters of the past; the ability to comprehend innovative tendencies of the modern time critically, achieve their combination in order to elaborate perfect techniques and mastery of implementation of artistic images into vocal works of diverse styles are a set of the most important tasks aimed at mastering pedagogical activity in the sphere of vocal education.