Модель життєвих стратегій особистості з вадами здоров’я: способи оптимізації практикування в рекреаційній системі

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано складові життєвих стратегій особистості з вадами здоров’я, розвиток та корекція їх складових в індивідуальній та груповій формах роботи в умовах рекреаційної системи. Описано когнітивні, афективні, ціннісно-смислові та комунікативно-діяльнісні механізми, що можуть бути використані в діалогово-феноменологічній моделі розвитку складових життєвих стратегій. The issue of creating the conditions for an individual with impaired health staying in summer camps and recreational institutions requires taking into account the specificity of its emotional sphere, life strategies and adaptive capacity. That is why there is the necessity of creating psychological centres providing consultations for people with special needs in terms of recreation. The article is aimed at determining the main psychological bases of life strategies of adolescents with impaired health, as well as the development and approbation of methods of the development of the system of life strategies in terms of recreation. The experiment involved 120 students with impaired health and 122 healthy students aged from 16 to 22. The following components of the main psychological peculiarities of life strategies of adolescents with impaired health have been distinguished: behavioural (low social activity, suspiciousness, conformity, passivity, hidden aggressiveness), emotional (increased anxiety, impressiveness, emotional instability, indecisiveness, shyness); motivational and volitional (avoiding failure, low self-esteem); cognitive (low working capacity level, increased fatigability). The general sense of purpose index of respondents with the impaired health is lower compared to healthy respondents, which is manifested in their self-distrust. The methods of life strategies development of an individual with impaired health are focused on the recovery of time line through the creation of a new story in a dialogue with others, realization of the events in the past and transforming them into biography. The following techniques aimed at the development of life strategies of adolescents with impaired health have been allocated: the method of experiencing the trauma through a dialogue, the exercise “The rope of memories”, the method “My resource and I”, the exercise “Memories on fingertips”. According to the research results, the positive changes have been noted. Thus, the applied techniques increase self-esteem, self-confidence and competence of adolescents with impaired health.