Методи підтримки працездатності і стресостійкості ділової людини

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано стресогенні причини-фактори діяльності сучасної ділової людини, яка зорієнтована на високопрофесійне й добросовісне виконання фахових зобов’язань; розкрито негативні психоемоційні детермінанти, що ґрунтуються на соціоекономічній кризі; розглянуто поняття «стресостійкість» як інтегральну властивість суб’єкта; актуалізовано проблему тайм-менеджменту, що спричиняє ділову активність у режимі цейтноту; визначено психологічні методи стресостійкості й підвищення працездатності суб’єкта..The article deals with stress factors of a modern business person’s activity, focused on highly professional and conscientious fulfillment of the undertaken professional engagements. There have been revealed negative sychoemotional determinants based on socio-economic changes, which constantly accompany a business person and create stress situations in his/her professional self-fulfillment. Special attention is focused on a subject who is psychologically ready for activation of his/her own reserves, in order to adapt to the unstable business environment: time pressure; information war; uncertainties in terms of action at his/her own risk; while being in non-resource conditions (exhaustion, malaise, professional burnout, discomfort, emotional excitement, frustration, apathy). The concept of “stress resistance” is considered as an integral feature of a subject interconnected with a complex of intellectual, cognitive, emotional and personal qualities, which provide a means to withstand stress while maintaining the effectiveness in stress situations. The issue of time management causing business activities in time pressure mode has been considered as well. Besides, attention is paid to the essence of observing the basic principles of time management (prioritizing, delegation, rationality, dimension) to overcome the shortage of time. There have been also described the peculiarities of chronic stress condition of business people arisen as a result of systematic psychoemotional overpressure, which is manifested as physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms causing psychosomatic diseases. There have been reviewed the behavioral attributes of stress of a business person and inadequate (destructive) attempts to compensate it, which are manifested as addictive forms of behavior. The psychological methods of stress resistance and increasing working capacity have been determined. The article also deals with the methods of stress neutralization, including physical (effect of high and low temperatures on a body, different light spectra, sounds of different tones and melody (music), tempering, sauna, steam bath, Turkish bath, vat, sunbathing); physiological methods (effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular system, such as massage, acupuncture, physical exercises, muscle relaxation, breathing techniques); biochemical methods (pharmacological sleeping pills, anti-depressant medications, herbs (sedative group), homeopathy, dietary supplements, aromatherapy, drugs, alcohol); psychological methods (rational therapy, autogenous training, method of stress dissociating). The techniques of psychological methods of leveling the stress factors have been also suggested: rational therapy; autogenous training; method of stress dissociating, etc.